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Cancer Theranostics - Potential Applications of Cancer Biomarker Database

Sun, January 08 2012, 12:00 AM
Posted By: Sciclips

Availability of a comprehensive cancer biomarker database may opens up scientific and technical opportunities in developing innovative oncologic theranostics (Rx/Dx), a diagnostic therapy process that leads to the development of successful personalized medicine strategies in cancer treatment.

With the growing trend towards the advancement of personalized medicine concept, there is a need to develop strategies and tools that can be used for individualized diagnosis and treatment. Theranostics based tools, a combination of diagnostics and therapeutics approach, offer promising agents that can be used for the improved diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. In oncologic theranostics, developing innovative personalized cancer treatment rely on the identification of novel cancer biomarkers and diagnostic assays to identify patient s response to a particular drug, for optimizing personalized drug treatment regimen (drug dose, drug treatment schedule etc) and for monitoring the efficacy of treatment (disease stage, tumor progression, tumor recurrence etc). A best example for this will be the approval of Genentech's Herceptin? with DakoCytomation's HercepTest? for breast cancer theranostics. Future development of cancer theranostic tools depends on the discovery and validation of existing or novel cancer biomarkers. A database that contains comprehensive information on discovery phase or clinically validated biomarkers, along with therapeutic drug target information, can be a powerful tool in developing novel theranostic assays as well as for the discovery of new drug targets based on theranostics (Fig.1). A combination of therapeutic drug target and biomarker pathway analysis, in particular companion diagnostics pathways, can pave the path towards developing innovative strategies in cancer theranostics.



Fig. 1: Theranostics and cancer biomarker database in personalized medicine

Biomarkers that have potential applications in cancer theranostics can be broadly classified into:

  1. Imaging biomarkers: Drug molecules labeled with imaging tags (e.g. NRI, MRI etc.) and antigen-directed imaging drugs (e.g. radiolabeled antibody drugs) are the very good examples. In this case, a single molecule can be used as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent, EGFR, VEGF and TAG-72 are very good examples where antibodies against these drug targets tagged with imaging markers can be used in theranostics. Imaging biomarkers can also be very useful in targeted surgical treatment of cancer. Labeled antibody based detection of phosphorylated or dephosphorylated will be an attractive theranostics tool in phosphorylation-dependent targeted cancer therapy and diagnosis. Epigenetic biomarkers are another attractive target for developing cancer theranostics. Applications of additional tools such as nanoparticles and gold particles have been demonstrated in theranostics.
  2. Diagnostic/prognostic protein biomarkers: Immunohisotchemistry and immunoassays (e.g. ELISA) can be used in theranostic applications. Identification of diagnostic biomarkers that can be used as therapeutic drug targets will have significant impact in theranostics. Development of protein biomarker-directed antibodies (labeled) or small molecules or aptamers can be a potential theranostics tool.
  3. Molecular diagnostic markers (genes/SNPs/miRNA/epigenetic): PCR, qPCR, DNA sequencing (including next generation sequencing), and microarray based technologies can be used as theranostics tools. Single step diagnostic therapy, like labeled antibody drug based theranostics, may be a challenging task with molecular diagnostic biomarkers, possible exceptions are siRNA or miRNA based cancer therapies.
  4. Cell based biomarkers: Cancer stem cells, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (CD68-positive macrophages/T-cells etc.) can be used in cancer theranostics. The diagnostic and therapeutic significance of these cell based biomarkers have been demonstrated in several published studies.
  5. Drug efficacy/response/predictive biomarkers: Biomarkers include proteins, gene, miRNA, SNPs, metabolites etc., which can be successfully used for the development of companion diagnostic assays. These biomarkers can also become a therapeutic drug target for further discovery of theranostics based therapeutic drug targets.
  6. Combination therapy response biomarkers: Combination therapy approaches have been demonstrated as an efficient treatment method for various cancers. However, the availability of companion therapy response biomarkers are limited (some of these biomarkers are included in our cancer biomarker database). Wide adoption of combination therapy as a method for cancer treatment may warrants a need for the discovery and validation of new biomarkers associated with combination therapy.

Identification of new biomarkers and availability of large number biomarkers may result in the development of theranostics for most of the cancer types. A cancer biomarker database that contains comprehensive and cumulative information on experimental and clinically validated biomarkers, especially companion diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutically relevant biomarkers, may opens up scientific and technical opportunities in developing innovative oncologic theranostics (Rx/Dx) tools.

Sciclips cancer biomarker database contains more than 8700 cancer biomarkers, which are classified into:
1) diagnostic biomarkers
2) disease predictive/risk assessment biomarkers
3) drug efficacy/response biomarkers
4) prognostic biomarkers and
5) cancer companion diagnostics biomarker pathway.

The biological and molecular functions, biological process associated, chromosomal location, SNPs and protein-protein interaction networks of each biomarker are listed in this database. This comprehensive information will be useful for the validation of existing biomarkers and for the identification and validation of new biomarkers for cancer theranostics. Please follow the link to see the details of cancer biomarker database:
http://www.sciclips.com/sciclips/diagnostic-prognostic-cancer-biomarker-main.do


Related blog
Strategies for Rational and Personalized Cancer Biomarker Discovery





Categories: Biomarkers

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Sciclips said
Please join the following discussion group:
LinkedIn® Theranostics group
Posted on Wed, January 25 2012, 04:17 PM
Harish said
Nice article, very usefull
Posted on Thu, January 19 2012, 04:22 AM
s krishna tulasi said
good work
Posted on Thu, May 24 2012, 08:32 PM
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On Mon, September 24 2012, 07:14 AM Dennis Cosmatos commented on Strategies for Rational and Personalized Cancer Biomarker Discovery "I have worked in Translational Medicine and Biomarker Development for many years and appreciate the issues you raise. I have identified several specific roadblocks to making clinical use of biomarker..."
On Fri, May 25 2012, 04:00 PM Anon commented on "Idea stealing"- does it affect scientific innovation and creativity? "Wow I suppose people just don't understand but this is absolutely unacceptable. Having your ideas stolen (not something scrap you came up with on the fly while having a discussion), actual ideas that ..."
On Thu, May 24 2012, 08:32 PM s krishna tulasi commented on Cancer Theranostics - Potential Applications of Cancer Biomarker Database "good work"
On Thu, May 17 2012, 01:05 AM StemCellChina commented on Is Cancer Stem Cell the "Messiah of Cancer Cure"? "Embryonic stem cell therapy treats cancer/tumor by: 1. generating a large number of functional cells to suppress tumor cell growth; 2. generating various immune cells to enhance the immune funct..."
On Thu, March 01 2012, 04:44 PM Florence commented on "Idea stealing"- does it affect scientific innovation and creativity? "Watching an idea develop after someone steals an Intellectual Property is something that will never be duplicated in the entire. Someone thinks/believes he has the complete picture but really does not..."
On Wed, January 25 2012, 04:17 PM Sciclips commented on Cancer Theranostics - Potential Applications of Cancer Biomarker Database "Please join the following discussion group:
LinkedIn® Theranostics group "
On Tue, January 24 2012, 07:10 PM Sciclips commented on Cell Based Reporter Assays vs. Animal Studies in Drug Discovery- Potential Limitations, Risks and Liabilities "Additional comments on this topic can be seen at Linkedin® Nuclear Receptor Resource group (open group):
On Thu, January 19 2012, 04:22 AM Harish commented on Cancer Theranostics - Potential Applications of Cancer Biomarker Database "Nice article, very usefull"
On Tue, January 17 2012, 07:27 PM Sciclips commented on Cell Based Reporter Assays vs. Animal Studies in Drug Discovery- Potential Limitations, Risks and Liabilities "We are trying to identify and create a list of technologies or products related to drug discovery/development assays, which do not involve genetic manipulation of cells or reporter genes/proteins or m..."
On Tue, January 17 2012, 07:54 AM rnc123 commented on Cell Based Reporter Assays vs. Animal Studies in Drug Discovery- Potential Limitations, Risks and Liabilities "It is also interesting to point out that transfection reagents used in creating cell based reporters can also have an impact genetic and protein functions in cells. Citations: 1. Transcriptional eff..."

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